Associations and Related Mechanisms of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Allergic Rhinitis in Children

Abstract

Abstract: Attention-defcit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests in early childhood and often afects children’s daily life and academic performance, impairing their psychological development and potentially infuencing their personality. The concurrent yearly increase in the incidence of allergic diseases and ADHD among children has prompted researchers to explore the association between these 2 health issues. Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most common allergic diseases and is characterized by chronic infammation of the nasal mucosa. The prevalence of AR increases from infancy through adolescence and then decreases with further aging. The relationship between ADHD and AR has garnered signifcant attention from researchers recently, although it remains a topic of debate. Numerous studies have suggested a correlation, while some have reported conficting results. Furthermore, the precise mechanisms underlying their coexistence have not been fully elucidated. This review summarizes the literature on ADHD and AR both domestically and internationally. It highlights their interrelationship and potential comorbid mechanisms, thereby providing new perspectives on the pathogenesis of ADHD and informing long-term treatment and management strategies.