The Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (Turkish PCL–R)

Abstract

Objectives: Psychopathy is a distinct personality organization and differs from antisocial personality disorders in many aspects. Its diagnosis is challenging but also critical to predict criminality. In this context, Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R) is a useful tool in the diagnosis of psychopathy. Its reliability and validity was shown in various populations but has not been studied in a Turkish population. Our aim was to demonstrate the reliability and validity of PCL-R in a sample from Turkey.

Methods: 425 male subjects with antisocial personality disorder and 125 controls without any psychiatric diagnoses were included in the study. DSM-5 diagnostic criteria were used and PCL-R was administered to all participants. The reliability of the Turkish version of PCL-R was determined by test–retest and internal consistency methods. In the ROC analysis performed with PCL-R, DSM-5 criteria were taken as a gold standard, the sensitivity; specificity and cut-off values of PCL-R were estimated. To evaluate the adequacy of the scale construct validity, Exploratory Factor Analysis and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Barlett tests were applied. Reproducibility of the test was evaluated by Pearson correlation coefficient. Re-testing was performed with 171 subjects two weeks after the first test.

Results: In reliability analysis, the Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficient was calculated to be α=0.977. Pearson correlation coefficient of test-retest was r=0.94 (p<.001). Item-total correlations ranged from 0.18 to 0.94. Its sensitivity and specificity was 98.3% and 100.0%, respectively, with a cut-off point of 20. In principal component analysis, two factors had Eigen values greater than 1. These two factors accounted for 76.54% of the variance in PCL-R scores.

Conclusions: Turkish PCL-R is a valid and reliable measure of psychopathy to detect psychopathic traits. However, more studies on psychopathy need to be conducted in different Turkish sample groups.